Treatise Online no. 39: Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 25: Early Triassic–Early Jurassic bivalve diversity dynamics

Chapter 25

Not long after taxonomists recognized that among the saprolegniaceous fungi there were homologous groups possessing similar devices for insuring reproduction, they began industriously arranging these groups into hierarchical clusters to suggest relationships. Although the resulting phylogenetic schemes were fashioned around the relatively simple structure of the individual species, mycologists ...

Chapter 25

The targeting of chaotic trajectories uses the sensitive dependence on initial conditions to produce large (desired) changes to the trajectory using small perturbations. One important application is to directing spacecraft using very small amounts of fuel, relying on the (Hamiltonian) chaos of the three body problem consisting of the spacecraft, earth, and moon or other planet. Another applicat...

Chapter 2 Vertical (39-62)

2 6 Ja n 20 09 Chapter 1 Lorenz - like chaotic attractors revised

We describe some recent results on the dynamics of singular-hyperbolic (Lorenz-like) attractors Λ introduced in [25]: (1) there exists an invariant foliation whose leaves are forward contracted by the flow; (2) there exists a positive Lyapunov exponent at every orbit; (3) attractors in this class are expansive and so sensitive with respect to initial data; (4) they have zero volume if the flow ...

Emotion New Chapter Revised

There have been roughly as many theories of emotion as there have been people thinking about the topic. Despite several millennia of investigation, there is still little agreement about what constitutes an emotion, how many emotions there are, and whether such a number is even meaningful. One important and abiding distinction between various theories of emotion is that between the mentalist and...